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Environment & Natural Resources

Ohio farm custom rates 2014

Many farm business owners do not own the necessary equipment for every possible job. The custom rates reported in this publication are based on a statewide survey conducted in 2014.

AEDE-11-14

A large number of Ohio farmers hire out for machinery operations and other farm related work. This is often due to lack of proper equipment, lack of time or lack of expertise for a particular operation. Many farm business owners do not own the necessary equipment for every possible job that they may encounter in the course of operating a farm and may, instead of purchasing the equipment needed, seek out someone with the proper tools necessary to complete the job. This farm work that is completed by others is often referred to as "custom farm work" or, more simply, "custom work." A "custom rate" is the amount agreed upon by both parties to be paid by the custom work customer to the custom work provider.

The custom rates reported in this publication are based on a statewide survey conducted in 2014. Two hundred fifty-six farmers, custom operators, farm managers and landowners completed surveys for this research. These rates, except where noted, include the implement and tractor if required, all variable machinery costs such as fuel, oil, lube, twine, etc., and the labor for the operation.

Some custom rates published here have a wide range. Possible explanations are the type or size of equipment used, size/shape of fields, condition of the crop (for harvesting operations), the value of labor, the mix of labor and equipment used, and the different income needs of full-time custom operators versus farmers supplementing their income. Also, some custom operations are provided at bargain rates due to family relationships between the parties or due to the fact that custom providers may see an increased probability of eventually securing the custom farmed farmland in a cash rental or other rental agreement.

Average custom rates reported in this publication are a simple average of all the survey responses. The "Range" rates represent -/+ one standard deviation around the average. (Standard deviation is a measure of the variability of the survey responses; one standard deviation both above and below the average includes approximately two-thirds of all survey responses.) The "Median" represents the middle value in the survey responses. The "Minimum" and "Maximum" reported reference the minimum and maximum responses from the survey data for a given operation.

Charges may be added if the custom provider considers a job abnormal. A job may be considered abnormal due to the distance from the operator's base location, the difficulty of the terrain, the amount of product or labor involved with the operation or other special requirements of the custom work customer.

There is no assurance that the average rates reported in this publication will cover your total costs for performing the custom service or that you will be able to hire a custom operator for the average rate published in this fact sheet. Calculate your own costs carefully before determining the rate to charge or pay. It may be helpful to compare these custom rates with machinery costs calculated using an economic engineering approach. The data calculated with this approach are intended to show a representative farming industry cost for specified machines and operations. The following resources are available to help you calculate and consider the total costs of performing a given machinery operation. Users may also consider using the data contained in these resources as a base for future custom rates.

Before entering into an agreement, discuss all of the details of the specific job with the other party.

Fuel prices impact custom rates, and rates may fluctuate based on large movements in fuel prices. The approximate price of diesel fuel at the time of this survey was $3.25–$3.75 per gallon for off-road (farm) usage.

Soil PreparationAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Stalk Chopper / Acre12.553.35$9.15 - $15.9012.007.0020.00
Moldboard Plow / Acre20.405.03$15.35 - $25.4020.0015.0034.50
Chisel Plow / Acre17.105.10$12.00 - $22.2016.0010.0034.50
Disk Chisel / Acre19.004.50$14.55 - $23.5018.0012.0034.50
Disk-Tandem / Acre13.203.69$9.50 - $16.8512.008.0025.00
Disk-Offset / Acre19.304.13$15.15 - $23.4517.5015.0025.00
Soil Finishing / Acre14.854.13$10.70 - $19.0014.0010.0026.00
Field Cultivator / Acre13.803.92$9.85 - $17.7012.009.0026.00
Land Leveling / Acre12.304.40$7.90 - $16.7010.008.0022.00
Land Leveling / Hour68.3525.82$42.50 - $94.1575.0025.00100.00
Sub-soiling / Acre20.204.80$15.40 - $25.0020.0012.0030.00
V-Ripping / Acre24.305.76$18.55 - $30.1024.2516.0040.00
Strip Tillage / Acre18.503.39$15.10 - $21.9019.0014.0024.00
Strip Tillage w/ Fertilizer Injection / Acre24.7511.06$13.70 - $35.8022.0016.0039.00
Fertilizer Application - GroundAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Dry Bulk / Acre6.151.70$4.45 - $7.856.003.0013.00
Liquid Knife / Acre9.503.43$6.05 - $12.909.003.0018.00
Liquid Spray / Acre7.152.17$5.00 - $9.357.003.0015.00
Anhydrous / Acre12.904.10$8.80 - $17.0012.386.5024.00
Lime / Acre8.052.84$5.20 - $10.908.003.5015.00
Lime / Ton7.303.19$4.10 - $10.456.502.0018.00
Chemical Control of Weeds or InsectsAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Spraying - Self Propelled / Acre7.001.79$5.20 - $8.806.504.0015.00
Spraying - Pull Type / Acre7.002.41$4.60 - $9.456.383.0015.00
Highboy Spraying / Acre8.752.70$6.05 - $11.457.505.5015.00
Mechanical Weed ControlAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Rotary Hoeing / Acre7.002.03$4.85 - $8.907.504.0010.00
Aerial ApplicationAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Fertilizer / Acre11.603.14$8.45 - $14.7511.007.5018.00
Seed / Acre11.302.33$8.95 - $13.6010.009.0017.00
Chemicals / Acre10.501.54$8.95 - $12.0011.007.0012.00
Planting Operations - Conventional TillAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Plant Corn 30" Rows / Acre17.804.82$12.95 - $22.6017.0010.0030.00
Plant Corn w/ Starter Fertilizer 30" Rows / Acre19.505.27$14.20 - $24.7518.2510.0034.00
Plant Soybeans 15" Rows / Acre18.805.31$13.50 - $24.1018.0010.0030.00
Plant Soybeans 30" Rows / Acre18.405.78$12.60 - $24.1518.0012.0028.00
Drill Soybeans / Acre16.254.08$12.20 - $20.3515.0010.0026.00
Drill Small Grains / Acre16.604.67$11.95 - $21.2515.5010.0026.00
*Avg = Average; Std = Standard Deviation; Range = Average -/+ 1 Standard Deviation; Med = Median; Min = Minimum;
Max = Maximum
Planting Operations - No-TillAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Plant Corn 30" Rows / Acre19.455.34$14.10 - $24.8018.5010.0032.00
Plant Corn w/ Starter Fertilizer 30" Rows / Acre20.905.95$14.95 - $26.8520.0010.0036.00
Plant Soybeans 15" Rows / Acre19.055.09$13.95 - $24.1518.5010.0032.00
Plant Soybeans 30" Rows / Acre20.406.56$13.80 - $26.9519.0012.0034.00
Drill Soybeans / Acre17.303.92$13.40 - $21.2517.0010.0028.00
Drill Small Grains / Acre16.754.08$12.65 - $20.8516.0010.0026.00
Planting Operations - Grass / Legume / Pasture SeedingAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Broadcast / Acre11.155.22$5.90 - $16.359.006.0020.00
Grain Drill / Acre16.805.24$11.55 - $22.0516.009.5026.00
Planting Operations - Grain HarvestAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Harvest Corn-Combine & Grain Cart / Acre34.657.50$27.15 - $42.1533.0025.0068.00
Harvest Soybeans-Combine & Grain Cart / Acre32.006.07$25.90 - $38.0531.0023.0050.00
Harvest Wheat-Combine & Grain Cart / Acre31.806.28$25.55 - $38.1030.0022.0050.00
Combine Corn / Acre28.755.21$23.55 - $34.0028.0016.0045.00
Combine Soybeans / Acre28.105.28$22.85 - $33.4027.5016.0045.00
Combine Small Grains / Acre27.705.23$22.45 - $32.9526.5016.0045.00
Ear Corn Picker / Acre29.406.07$23.35 - $35.5025.0025.0037.00
Grain Cart / Acre6.203.37$2.85 - $9.605.002.0015.00
Grain Storage - On FarmAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Storage / Month / Bushel$0.045$0.02$0.025 - $0.065$0.04$0.03$0.10
Storage / Year / Bushel$0.315$0.10$0.210 - $0.415$0.33$0.18$0.48
Grain HaulAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Farm to Market / Bushel$0.16$0.07$0.090 - $0.230$0.15$0.05$0.47
Average Miles - Farm to Market23.617.06.6 - 40.620.03.081.4
Field to Farm / Bushel$0.10$0.04$0.055 - $0.140$0.10$0.03$0.20
Average Miles - Field to Farm8.75.43.3 - 14.110.01.025.0
Custom Farming - Tillage, Plant, Spray/Tending, Harvest
(all or a combination of those listed)
Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Corn / Acre$122.20$32.04$90.15 - $154.25$125.00$70.00$175.00
Soybeans / Acre$103.50$22.33$81.15 - $125.80$100.00$65.00$140.00
Small Grains / Acre$97.30$27.07$70.20 - $124.35$88.00$70.00$140.00
Corn Silage Harvest - Upright SiloAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Chop - Corn Silage / Ton$5.50$0.41$5.10 - $5.90$5.50$5.00$6.00
Chop, Haul, and Fill - Corn Silage / Ton$7.40$0.95$6.45 - $8.30$7.75$6.00$8.00
Chop, Haul, and Fill - Corn Silage / Hour$183.35$28.87$154.50 - $212.20$200.00$150.00$200.00
Corn Silage Harvest - Bunker SiloAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Chop - Corn Silage / Ton$6.25$1.09$5.15 - $7.35$6.00$5.00$7.50
Chop, Haul, and Fill - Corn Silage / Ton$6.90$2.68$4.25 - $9.60$7.13$3.50$10.00
Corn Silage Harvest - Silage BagAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Chop - Corn Silage / Ton$5.50$0.50$5.00 - $6.00$5.50$5.00$6.00
Chop, Haul, and Fill - Corn Silage / Ton$6.50$4.95$1.55 - $11.45$6.50$3.00$10.00
*Avg = Average; Std = Standard Deviation; Range = Average -/+ 1 Standard Deviation; Med = Median; Min = Minimum; Max = Maximum
Haylage Harvest - Bunker SiloAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Chop - Haylage / Ton$6.50$0.50$6.00 - $7.00$6.50$6.00$7.00
Chop, Haul, and Fill - Haylage / Ton$8.50$1.32$7.20 - $9.80$8.00$7.50$10.00
Pack Bunker Silo / Hour$85.00$18.03$67.00 - $103.05$90.00$65.00$100.00
Fill Silage Bag / Ton$5.65$1.89$3.75 - $7.55$6.50$3.50$7.00
Haylage Harvest - Straw HarvestAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Mowing / Acre$13.15$4.55$8.60 - $17.70$12.75$5.00$25.00
Mowing / Conditioning / Acre$14.20$3.69$10.50 - $17.90$14.00$6.00$25.00
Raking / Acre$6.80$3.30$3.50 - $10.10$5.50$3.00$15.00
Tedding / Acre$6.95$3.08$3.85 - $10.00$6.00$3.00$12.00
Haylage Harvest - Baling: Small Square BalesAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Bale / Drop in Field / Bale$0.65$0.31$0.35 - $0.95$0.55$0.25$1.25
Bale and Load on Wagon / Bale$0.80$0.35$0.45 - $1.15$0.75$0.35$1.60
Haul From Field and Store / Bale$0.40$0.17$0.25 - $0.60$0.40$0.25$0.60
Bale, Load, Haul and Store / Bale$1.50$0.79$0.75 - $2.30$1.38$0.50$3.00
Haylage Harvest - Baling: Large Round Bales ~1500#Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Baled and Left in Field / Bale$10.10$3.06$7.05 - $13.15$9.25$7.00$15.00
Baled and Net Wrapped and Left in Field / Bale$10.90$4.01$6.90 - $14.90$8.75$8.00$17.00
Haylage Harvest - Baling: Large Round Bales ~600-1000#Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Baled and Left in Field / Bale$8.75$2.09$6.65 - $10.85$8.00$6.00$15.00
Baled and Net Wrapped and Left in Field / Bale$9.50$2.60$6.90 - $12.10$8.75$6.25$18.00
Baled and Hauled from Field / Bale$11.65$2.50$9.15 - $14.10$11.75$9.00$14.00
Baled and Wrapped Wet in Plastic$15.90$5.63$10.25 - $21.50$17.25$8.00$21.00
(Plastic Included) / Bale - Large SquareAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Baled and Left in Field / Bale$10.65$3.39$7.25 - $14.05$9.50$7.00$16.00
Baled and Wrapped Wet in Plastic$18.00$3.61$14.40 - $21.60$17.00$15.00$22.00
(Plastic Included) / Bale - Complete Hay Harvest - SharesAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
% of Crop to Custom Provider55.37.048.4 - 62.350.050.067.0
Manure ApplicationAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Spread Manure / Ton$8.00$1.58$6.40 - $9.60$8.00$6.00$10.00
Manure Spread by DraglineAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Pump and Spread / per 1000 gallon$8.45$1.17$7.25 - $9.60$8.00$7.00$10.00
Hired LaborAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Machinery Operations / Hour$14.00$3.15$10.85 - $17.15$15.00$8.00$20.00
Milking Cows / Hour$11.90$3.36$8.50 - $15.25$11.00$10.00$20.00
General Farm Labor / Hour$11.20$2.37$8.80 - $13.55$10.00$7.50$19.00
*Avg = Average; Std = Standard Deviation; Range = Average -/+ 1 Standard Deviation; Med = Median; Min = Minimum; Max = Maximum
Drainage and Tile Installation - Ditching Machine (without materials)Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
4" Plastic / Foot$0.49$0.18$0.31 - $0.66$0.46$0.30$0.90
6" Plastic / Foot$0.51$0.23$0.28 - $0.74$0.48$0.25$1.00
8" Plastic / Foot$0.65$0.31$0.34 - $0.96$0.55$0.25$1.20
10" Plastic / Foot$0.66$0.35$0.31 - $1.01$0.70$0.25$1.00
Typical Depth - Inches33.25.128.1 - 38.333.024.042.0
Typical Lateral Spacing - Feet37.810.627.1 - 48.435.030.060.0
Drainage and Tile Installation - Drainage Plow (without materials)Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
4" Plastic / Foot$0.24$0.08$0.16 - $0.32$0.22$0.14$0.41
5" Plastic / Foot$0.33$0.06$0.28 - $0.39$0.30$0.30$0.40
6" Plastic / Foot$0.52$0.28$0.24 - $0.80$0.48$0.20$1.25
Typical Depth - Inches33.13.030.0 - 36.133.030.039.0
Typical Lateral Spacing - Feet39.38.530.8 - 47.740.030.060.0
Drainage and Tile Installation - Drainage Plow (with materials)Avg*StdRangeMedMinMax
4" Plastic / Foot$0.54$0.12$0.41 - $0.66$0.50$0.34$0.80
MiscellaneousAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Bush Hogging / Acre$17.05$11.69$5.35 - $28.75$13.00$8.00$62.50
Income Tax Preparation / Hour$73.50$33.52$40.00 - $107.00$60.00$40.00$125.00
Income Tax Preparation / Return$364.50$205.68$158.80 - $570.15$350.00$40.00$950.00
Track Hoe / Cleaning Ditches / Hour$99.40$28.63$70.75 - $128.00$100.00$45.00$150.00
Remove Snow with Loader / Hour$69.65$28.65$41.00 - $98.30$70.00$25.00$125.00
Remove Snow with Blade / Hour$56.90$26.33$30.55 - $83.20$60.00$15.00$100.00
Remove Snow with Blower / Hour$83.55$17.25$66.30 - $100.80$85.00$60.00$100.00
Hauling Livestock / Loaded / Mile$2.30$0.86$1.45 - $3.15$2.00$1.00$3.75
Bulldozing per Foot of Blade / Hour$9.40$2.19$7.20 - $11.60$9.69$6.25$15.00
Soil Testing / Sample$18.30$10.28$8.00 - $28.55$17.00$7.50$32.50
Soil Testing / Acre$5.55$1.87$3.65 - $7.40$5.00$4.00$10.00
Grid Soil Sampling / Acre$8.50$3.41$5.10 - $11.90$8.00$4.00$18.50
Power Washing / Hour$32.70$16.64$16.05 - $49.35$40.00$10.00$50.00
Machinery RentalAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Tractor / $ Per Horsepower / Hour$0.34$0.20$0.14 - $0.53$0.28$0.10$1.00
Corn Planter: Conventional / Acre$12.55$5.88$6.70 - $18.45$12.50$6.00$25.00
Average Number of Rows12.08.53.5 - 20.512.06.030.0
Corn Planter: No-Till / Acre$13.15$6.56$6.55 - $19.70$13.00$6.00$25.00
Average Number of Rows12.07.94.1 - 19.912.06.030.0
Combine / Separator Hour$174.00$58.89$115.10 - $232.90$155.00$100.00$250.00
Combine / Acre$30.80$5.63$25.15 - $36.45$30.00$25.00$38.00
Avg Grain Table Header Width in Ft28.32.625.8 - 30.930.025.030.0
Avg Number of Corn Header Rows7.70.86.9 - 8.58.06.08.0
Grain Drill: No-Till / Acre$11.60$4.37$7.25 - $15.95$10.00$6.00$25.00
Average Width in Feet17.58.09.5 - 25.515.010.040.0
Bobcat or Skid Steer Loader / Day$226.40$153.66$72.70 - $380.05$157.50$80.00$450.00
Dry Bulk Fertilizer Applicator / Acre$3.30$1.58$1.70 - $4.85$2.40$2.00$5.00
Liquid Fertilizer Applicator / Acre$5.70$3.56$2.15 - $9.25$4.75$2.00$12.00
*Avg = Average; Std = Standard Deviation; Range = Average -/+ 1 Standard Deviation; Med = Median; Min = Minimum; Max = Maximum
Facility RentalAvg*StdRangeMedMinMax
Machinery Storage - Square Foot / Year$0.51$0.25$0.26 - $0.76$0.52$0.25$1.00
*Avg = Average; Std = Standard Deviation; Range = Average -/+ 1 Standard Deviation; Med = Median; Min = Minimum; Max = Maximum
Estimating machinery rental rate from 2014 custom rates
Types of chargesSample calculations (using 2014 average field cultivator rate)Your calculations
1. Custom charge including labor, fuel and tractor.$13.80 per acre$__________per acre
2. Percent of custom charge for interest, insurance, depreciation and repairs, excluding fuel and
labor. (Use 70% for tillage or 80% for planting and harvesting.).
70%__________%
3. Rental value including tractor. (Multiply steps 1 and 2 above.).$9.66 per acre$__________per acre
4. Tractor rental value if tractor is not provided. (Use the following equation.): ___HP x $___per HP-hour rental rate (using 2014 average HP-hour rental rate) ÷ ___acres per hour Example: 310 HP x $.34 per HP-hour rental rate ÷ 33 acres per hour = $3.19 per acre$3.19 per acre$__________per acre
5. Implement rental value without tractor. (Subtract Step 4 from Step 3 above.).$6.47 per acre$__________per acre

Written Sept. 12, 2014 by Barry Ward, Leader, Production Business Management, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State University Extension.

Reviewed by Barry Ward, Assistant Professor, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University Extension.